e-neurosurgery.ws

neurohistopathology.com

SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND THE MOTOR UNIT

http://www.neurohistopathology.com/motorunit.htm

SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND THE MOTOR UNIT. SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND THE MOTOR UNIT. Researchers have learned that muscle contraction cannot proceed in the absence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Ca. A single skeletal muscle is composed of many thousands to millions of long, narrow contractile cells called muscle fibers (Fig-1). These fibers are clustered together in parallel bundles called fasciculi. Each muscle fiber is 10 to 80 µ. That are activated during muscle contraction. During con...

neurohistopathology.com

MUSCLE TONE - SPINAL REFELXES

http://www.neurohistopathology.com/muscletone.htm

MUSCLE TONE - SPINAL REFELXES. MUSCLE TONE - SPINAL REFELXES. OVERVIEW OF MUSCLE TONE. The muscle tone exhibited by otherwise relaxed muscles is necessary for these muscles to produce effective movements. If muscles relaxed completely (no resting tone), they would overlengthen, and too much time would be required to take up slack when a contraction was called for. On the other hand, too much tone would not allow for sufficient rest and recovery. Innervation of the Spindles. The Myotatic (Stretch) Reflex.

neurohistopathology.com

SENSORY PATHWAYS

http://www.neurohistopathology.com/sensorypathways.htm

Ensory pathways include only those routes which conduct information to the conscious cortex of the brain. However, we will use the term in its more loosely and commonly applied context to include input from all receptors, whether their signals reach the conscious level or not. GENERAL SOMATIC AFFERENT (GSA) PATHWAYS FROM THE BODY. Fast and Slow Pain. Discriminating (Epicritic) Touch, Pressure, and Kinesthesia. Some of the subconscious proprioceptive input from the cervical region follows an alternate rou...

onconeurosurgery.com

Cushing Diease and Nelson Syndrome

http://www.onconeurosurgery.com/cushing.htm

Essentials in Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome:. Nelson's syndrome take place only after bilateral adrenalectomy. Cushing disease is serious and if untreated, the main survival rate is 5 years. The best initial treatment of Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome is transsphenoidal elective resection of the tumour, regardless of the size. Subsequent clarification of the different biochemical factors involved in the development of Cushing's syndrome has permitted development of therapies specific f...

neurooncology.ws

Pituitary Carcinoma

http://www.neurooncology.ws/pituitarycarcinoma.htm

Essentials in pituitary carcinomas:. Only 1% of pituitary adenomas are carcinomas. Pituitary carcinomas showing nearby or distant mts, such as seeders and to the lung. ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinomas have tendency to metastases outside CNS. Histologic verification solely in clinico-morphologic background. Spread along the spinal subarachnoid space may lead to metastases in the spinal cord or cauda equina. Clinical Features and Therapy. The onset of diabetes insipidus early in the course of the diseas...

onconeurosurgery.com

Lymphoid Hypophisitis

http://www.onconeurosurgery.com/lymphoidhypophysitis.htm

Essentials in lymphoid hypophysitis:. It is an autoimmune disease. Preoperative diagnosis is almost impossible. High dose corticosteroids alleviate the course of the disease. Other autoimmune diseases with panhypopituitarism hold the suspicion about the diagnosis. Histological verification is mandatory. Histopathology and Current Concepts of Pathogenesis. Ultrastructural features studied by electron microscopy reveal degranulated, inactive secretory granules. There is an inflammatory cellular infiltr...

onconeurosurgery.com

Pituitary Adenomas

http://www.onconeurosurgery.com/pituitaryadenomas.htm

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onconeurosurgery.com

Empty Sella Syndrome

http://www.onconeurosurgery.com/emptysella.htm

Essentials for empty sella syndrome:. Empty sella syndrome is not a rare finding and it can be seen in 30% of population over the age of 30 years. This finding must be considered with context with other pathological features. The most common cause is a wide aperture in the diaphragma sella, which is a normal anatomical variation. Little clinical attention was initially paid to Busch's interesting findings. Both radiologists and neurosurgeons usually regarded nontumoral sellar enlargement as reflectin...

microneuroanatomy.com

MICRONEUROANATOMY

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